Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, eventually leading to reduced mobility. It typically develops gradually and can significantly affect daily activities, sleep, and quality of life.
This condition is more common in adults between the ages of 40 and 60, especially women. If left untreated, it can last from months to several years. Understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatments is key to regaining shoulder function and relieving pain.
What Is Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder occurs when the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and thickened, causing tightness and restricting movement.
It usually progresses in three stages:
- Freezing Stage (6 weeks to 9 months): Gradual onset of pain and increasing stiffness.
- Frozen Stage (4 to 6 months): Pain may improve, but stiffness remains and severely limits movement.
- Thawing Stage (6 months to 2 years): Slow return of range of motion.
Common Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder
- Dull or aching pain in the shoulder and upper arm
- Stiffness that worsens over time
- Difficulty lifting the arm or reaching overhead
- Pain that disrupts sleep, especially when lying on the affected side
- Limited shoulder mobility in all directions
In many cases, symptoms start mildly and gradually worsen, making early recognition crucial.
Who Is at Risk?
Several factors can increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder:
- Age and Gender: Most common in people aged 40–60, especially women.
- Diabetes: Up to 20% of diabetic patients may experience frozen shoulder.
- Shoulder Immobility: Post-surgery, injury, or long-term immobilization.
- Thyroid Disorders
- Heart disease
- Parkinson’s disease
How Is Frozen Shoulder Diagnosed?
- A diagnosis is usually made through a combination of physical examination and medical history.
- Physical Examination
- Your doctor will assess the range of motion and pain level.
- Movements like raising your arm, rotating it, or reaching behind your back are tested.
Imaging Tests
- X-rays: To rule out other shoulder issues like arthritis or fractures.
- MRI or Ultrasound: May be done to examine the soft tissues and confirm inflammation or rule out a rotator cuff tear.
Treatment Approaches for Frozen Shoulder
Physical Therapy
- The cornerstone of treatment. A trained therapist will guide you through stretches and strengthening exercises to improve mobility.
- Pendulum exercises
- Towel stretch
- Finger walk
- Cross-body reach
- Consistency is key. Improvement can be slow but steady over time.
Medications
- NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) to reduce inflammation and pain
- Corticosteroid injections may be prescribed for moderate to severe pain
Home Remedies
- Applying ice or heat packs to relieve pain and muscle tension
- Gentle stretching at home several times a day
- Avoid overuse, but do not stop moving the shoulder entirely
Steroid Injections
In some cases, corticosteroids may be injected directly into the joint to reduce inflammation and accelerate mobility recovery during the early phase.
Hydrodilatation
A procedure where sterile fluid is injected into the shoulder joint to expand the capsule and improve movement.
Surgical Treatment (Rare Cases)
If non-surgical treatments fail after 6–12 months, your doctor may consider:
- Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) – The joint is moved through its range of motion while the patient is asleep.
- Arthroscopic capsular release – A minimally invasive surgery to cut tight portions of the joint capsule.
FAQs
Q1: Can frozen shoulder heal on its own?
Yes, frozen shoulder can resolve on its own, but it may take 1 to 3 years. Treatment speeds up recovery and reduces long-term stiffness.
Q2: Is frozen shoulder the same as arthritis?
No. Frozen shoulder involves the soft tissues and joint capsule, while arthritis affects the cartilage and bones.
Q3: Can both shoulders be affected?
Yes, but usually not at the same time. In people with diabetes or thyroid conditions, both shoulders may eventually be involved.
Q4: How soon should I start therapy?
The earlier, the better. Early movement helps prevent worsening stiffness and shortens recovery time.
Conclusion
Frozen shoulder can be painful and debilitating, but with early diagnosis and the right treatment plan, most people recover full or near-full function of their shoulder. Whether it’s physical therapy, medication, or, in rare cases, surgery, managing frozen shoulder requires patience and consistent effort.
If you’re experiencing persistent shoulder pain or stiffness, don’t wait—early intervention leads to better outcomes.
Struggling with shoulder pain or limited motion?
Book a consultation with the best orthopaedic specialist, Dr. Sumit Karak, to explore personalized treatment options and get back to living pain-free.
